By Sarah, Abby and Michelle.
PHEONIX
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BREIF HISTORY
Phoenix is a minor constellation named after the mythical bird the phoenix. It is located in the southern sky. It is made up of 5 main stars. This constellation has also been called the Griffin, Eagle, the Young Ostriches and the Fire Bird.
The Dutch astronomer Petrus Plancius introduced the constellation from the observations of the dutch navigators Fredrick Houtman and Pieter Dirkzoon Keyser in the late 16th century.
It is best seen in the southern United States, it is easy to see for anyone in Australia and South Africa during the southern hemisphere summer. The brightest star in the constellation has a magnitude of 2.4 and is the alpha star.
LIGHT YEARS
A light year is the distance can travel in one year. It is a unit of measurement used to for large distances.
One light-year is equal to 9,500,000,000,000 kilometers. The alpha star in phoenix (Ankaa) as around 85 light years away, the second brightest star (beta phoenicis) is 130 light years away, the next brightest is around 910 light years away, the dimmest star is 220 light years away.
Phoenix is a minor constellation named after the mythical bird the phoenix. It is located in the southern sky. It is made up of 5 main stars. This constellation has also been called the Griffin, Eagle, the Young Ostriches and the Fire Bird.
The Dutch astronomer Petrus Plancius introduced the constellation from the observations of the dutch navigators Fredrick Houtman and Pieter Dirkzoon Keyser in the late 16th century.
It is best seen in the southern United States, it is easy to see for anyone in Australia and South Africa during the southern hemisphere summer. The brightest star in the constellation has a magnitude of 2.4 and is the alpha star.
LIGHT YEARS
A light year is the distance can travel in one year. It is a unit of measurement used to for large distances.
One light-year is equal to 9,500,000,000,000 kilometers. The alpha star in phoenix (Ankaa) as around 85 light years away, the second brightest star (beta phoenicis) is 130 light years away, the next brightest is around 910 light years away, the dimmest star is 220 light years away.
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MOVEMENT OF STARS
Stars appear in different positions in the sky depending at the time of the day/night. This is because of the earths rotation, as the earth rotates you see different parts of the sky. We can see the stars rise and set just like the sun and moon. Due to gravity every object moves in space, stars move because of being in their own orbits around the centre of the galaxy.
WHAT STARS ARE MADE OF
Stars are composed of mostly hydrogen and helium, the rest is made up of the other elements such as nitrogen, oxygen and carbon. Around 73% is hydrogen, 25% helium. They are formed when large amounts these gasses are pulled together close enough they begin to collapse this causes the gas and dust to clump together. As the gas collapses it begins to heat up creating a disk. It beings to rotate extremly fast creating the hot dense core of the star also known as a protostar. The protostar then becomes so hot that the hydrogen atoms fuse together creating energy. After a long period of time the star will erupt and the remaining gas and dust will be blasted away.
Stars appear in different positions in the sky depending at the time of the day/night. This is because of the earths rotation, as the earth rotates you see different parts of the sky. We can see the stars rise and set just like the sun and moon. Due to gravity every object moves in space, stars move because of being in their own orbits around the centre of the galaxy.
WHAT STARS ARE MADE OF
Stars are composed of mostly hydrogen and helium, the rest is made up of the other elements such as nitrogen, oxygen and carbon. Around 73% is hydrogen, 25% helium. They are formed when large amounts these gasses are pulled together close enough they begin to collapse this causes the gas and dust to clump together. As the gas collapses it begins to heat up creating a disk. It beings to rotate extremly fast creating the hot dense core of the star also known as a protostar. The protostar then becomes so hot that the hydrogen atoms fuse together creating energy. After a long period of time the star will erupt and the remaining gas and dust will be blasted away.
LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR
Stellar Nebula
Stars start off as a stellar nebula's, this is where stars are formed in large clouds of dust and gas. It slowly shrinks and compresses to create the stars core, the nuclear fusion begins and the star is formed.
Star
They are the luminous balls of hot gas held together by gravity.
Next is the Red Giant Star
The hydrogen fuel in the centre becomes exhausted and the star then expands and cools turning red. This is when it becomes a red giant and expands to over 400 times its original size.
After this it will become a planetary nebula or supernova.
Lower mass stars will become a planetary nebula. A planetary nebula is an expanding, glowing shell of hot gas. This stage occurs at the end of the red giant phase.
A supernova is the explosion of a higher mass star, this occurs when a star runs out of nuclear fuel. Outer layers of the star are sucked inwards then expelled at 30,000 km/s.
Stars will then become a white dwarf, neutron star or black hole.
Stars with a low mass will become a white dwarf. A white dwarf is the remaining core of a star at the end of its lifetime. They have a high surface temperature of up to 100,000 degrees Celsius. These will eventually loose their heat end energy to cool down and change colour into black dwarfs.
A neutron star is the core that remains after the supernova stage of a high mass star. The atoms of the star are compressed so much that they smash and only the neutrons remain. They are extremely heavy, for example a matchbox size of the neutron star material would weigh the same as the country of Whales.
Black holes occur when stars with an extremely high mas come to the end of their lifetime. It happens when the star is crushed down into a small dense ball so powerful that it distorts the space around them. Not even light can escape a black hole because the gravitational pull is so strong.
Stellar Nebula
Stars start off as a stellar nebula's, this is where stars are formed in large clouds of dust and gas. It slowly shrinks and compresses to create the stars core, the nuclear fusion begins and the star is formed.
Star
They are the luminous balls of hot gas held together by gravity.
Next is the Red Giant Star
The hydrogen fuel in the centre becomes exhausted and the star then expands and cools turning red. This is when it becomes a red giant and expands to over 400 times its original size.
After this it will become a planetary nebula or supernova.
Lower mass stars will become a planetary nebula. A planetary nebula is an expanding, glowing shell of hot gas. This stage occurs at the end of the red giant phase.
A supernova is the explosion of a higher mass star, this occurs when a star runs out of nuclear fuel. Outer layers of the star are sucked inwards then expelled at 30,000 km/s.
Stars will then become a white dwarf, neutron star or black hole.
Stars with a low mass will become a white dwarf. A white dwarf is the remaining core of a star at the end of its lifetime. They have a high surface temperature of up to 100,000 degrees Celsius. These will eventually loose their heat end energy to cool down and change colour into black dwarfs.
A neutron star is the core that remains after the supernova stage of a high mass star. The atoms of the star are compressed so much that they smash and only the neutrons remain. They are extremely heavy, for example a matchbox size of the neutron star material would weigh the same as the country of Whales.
Black holes occur when stars with an extremely high mas come to the end of their lifetime. It happens when the star is crushed down into a small dense ball so powerful that it distorts the space around them. Not even light can escape a black hole because the gravitational pull is so strong.
COLOUR AND BRIGHTNESS OF STARS
The brightness of a star depends on its compositon, what its made of. The magnitude of a star is defined by its brightness. The magnitude was discovered by the Greek astronomer Hopparchus over 2,000 years ago. The scale he created was measured from magnitude 1, being the brightest, to 6 which was the faintest. The magnitude scale is slightly different now, it has a larger scale and goes into negative numbers. For example the sun has a magnitude of -26.8, the brightest star has a magnitude of -1.4. Planets and stars with a magnitude of six are barely visible without a telescope. Pluto has a magnitude of 14, it needs a telescope to be seen. The most powerful telescope on earth can sometimes see stars with a magnitude of 30. |
Magnitude Scale
THE MAGNITUDE OF PHOENIX'S STARSAlpha Phoenix-2.377
Beta Phoenix- 3.32 Gamma Phoenix- 3.41 Kappa Phoenix-3.9 Zeta Phoenix- 4.1 |
Stars appear different colors in the sky depending on their heat and composition. Most stars are composed of atoms and some stars have other trace elements in them that can alter the wavelengths of the light they emit. There's the surface temperature, the change in temperature changes the wavelength of light a star emits. The last factor as to why stars appear different colours is the distance in relation. Stars that appear red are usually the coolest and stars that appear blue are the hottest.
The surface temperature of the stars in the Phoenix constellation range from 3,900K to 4,800k. All of the stars are orange/yellow in colour.
The surface temperature of the stars in the Phoenix constellation range from 3,900K to 4,800k. All of the stars are orange/yellow in colour.
EMU IN THE SKY
EMU IN THE SKY STORY
During the Dreaming, a blind man lived with his wife in the bush. Every day he
told his wife to go out and hunt for emu eggs for him to eat. Even though his
wife tried hard to please her husband, he was always angry with her, telling her
that the eggs were too small.
One day while she was out hunting, she
came across some very large emu tracks. She thought of her husband and how
angry he got, and followed the tracks all the way to the nest. She found a huge
emu there and threw stones at it to get at the eggs, but it stood up and ran
towards her and killed her.
The blind man became hungry and worried
about his wife. He felt around the camp until he came across a bush with some
berries on it and ate some of them. Suddenly he could see. He made some spears
and a woomera and set off to find his wife. He followed her tracks and finally
saw the huge emu and the body of his wife. He speared the emu and banished its
spirit to the Milky Way, where it can still be seen today.
— a story
from Papunya, Northern Territory
Emu in the sky is a constellation used in Australian Aboriginal culture. It is the dark nebula's that appear in the milky way. Aboriginals are thought to be the worlds first astronomers. The universe is so important to aboriginals because the stars, planets, moon and sun each have mythological meanings such as celestial bodies or spirits. They were also used as a calendars for example they have six seasons which are determined by when certain stars are visible. The emu in the sky can be seen either running or sitting down depending on the time of year. When the emu was sitting this indicated to the aboriginals that it was time to go hunting for emus and their eggs.
During the Dreaming, a blind man lived with his wife in the bush. Every day he
told his wife to go out and hunt for emu eggs for him to eat. Even though his
wife tried hard to please her husband, he was always angry with her, telling her
that the eggs were too small.
One day while she was out hunting, she
came across some very large emu tracks. She thought of her husband and how
angry he got, and followed the tracks all the way to the nest. She found a huge
emu there and threw stones at it to get at the eggs, but it stood up and ran
towards her and killed her.
The blind man became hungry and worried
about his wife. He felt around the camp until he came across a bush with some
berries on it and ate some of them. Suddenly he could see. He made some spears
and a woomera and set off to find his wife. He followed her tracks and finally
saw the huge emu and the body of his wife. He speared the emu and banished its
spirit to the Milky Way, where it can still be seen today.
— a story
from Papunya, Northern Territory
Emu in the sky is a constellation used in Australian Aboriginal culture. It is the dark nebula's that appear in the milky way. Aboriginals are thought to be the worlds first astronomers. The universe is so important to aboriginals because the stars, planets, moon and sun each have mythological meanings such as celestial bodies or spirits. They were also used as a calendars for example they have six seasons which are determined by when certain stars are visible. The emu in the sky can be seen either running or sitting down depending on the time of year. When the emu was sitting this indicated to the aboriginals that it was time to go hunting for emus and their eggs.
THE BIG BANG THEORY
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The big bang theory is the theory in which the universe was created. It is estimated that it took place 13.8 billion years ago. The universe started from an incredibly dense hot ball that exploded. All matter, light and energy came from that explosion, also it began as afew molecules flying around in no where such as protons, neutrons and electrons. Then something happened that forced them together, spreading the molecules and gasses for miles. These molecules have later become galaxys, stars and planets.
It is unknown what there was or what occurred before the big bang theory.
It is unknown what there was or what occurred before the big bang theory.
BIBLIOGRAHPY
http://www.universetoday.com/24796/what-are-stars-made-of/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang_theory
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/07/27/2632463.htm
www.universetoday.com/do-stars-move/
http://www.schoolsobservatory.org.uk/astro/stars/lifecycle
http://www.telescope.org/pparc/res8.html
http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/space-environment/2-what-are-stars-made-of.htmlhttp://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/phoenix-constellation/
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_far_away_is_the_Phoenix_constellation
http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question19.html
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/07/27/2632463.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang_theory
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/07/27/2632463.htm
www.universetoday.com/do-stars-move/
http://www.schoolsobservatory.org.uk/astro/stars/lifecycle
http://www.telescope.org/pparc/res8.html
http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/space-environment/2-what-are-stars-made-of.htmlhttp://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/phoenix-constellation/
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_far_away_is_the_Phoenix_constellation
http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question19.html
http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2009/07/27/2632463.htm